| U-values (walls) |
0.13–0.15 W/m²K as standard; no insulated PB required. |
~0.16–0.21 W/m²K; often needs insulated plasterboard to match CPS. |
Typically 0.18–0.22 W/m²K unless upgraded. |
Often 0.25+ W/m²K unless thick, costly cavities used. |
| Speed to watertight |
Fastest — factory membranes/service zone; minimal follow-on trades. |
Fast shell (5–7 days) but more internal follow-on trades before true weathertightness. |
Slower — open panels require site membranes, insulation, service battens. |
Slowest — weather-dependent, long programmes. |
| Accreditation & warranty |
BOPAS + BBA, 60-year durability guidance; lender friendly. |
BBA typical; BOPAS varies by supplier; lenders can be cautious. |
Accepted with NHBC/equivalent warranty. |
Universally accepted; no inherent system warranty. |
| Insulation & sustainability |
Recycled glass-wool (mineral, non oil-based), hydrophobic; deep cavity. |
PUR/PIR rigid foam (oil-based, higher embodied carbon). |
Mineral wool fitted on site (quality varies). |
Mineral wool/cavity fill; risk of gaps/cold bridges. |
| Cold bridging |
Minimal — double-stud breaks thermal bridges. |
Joints/edges need tapes/VCL; bridging at interfaces. |
Notable around studs and junctions. |
High through lintels/block-to-block paths. |
| Factory fitting |
External membrane pre-fitted; service void ready for 1st-fix. |
Internal VCL + service battens fitted on site. |
Most membranes/voids installed on site. |
N/A — relies on site workmanship. |
| Follow-on trades |
Fewer — quicker critical path to M&E first-fix. |
More — VCL, service battens, insulated PB usually required. |
More — insulation, membranes, service void done on site. |
Most — wet trades throughout. |
| Architectural flexibility |
Deeper cavity enables better proportions and spans; excellent for large reveals. |
Good, but internal service zone often added later. |
Flexible but performance drops without thicker walls. |
Very flexible; slower and heavier. |
| Programme & prelims |
Shortest — faster to watertight reduces prelim costs. |
Short shell but longer follow-on period. |
Longer overall due to site works. |
Longest; high prelims. |
| Mortgageability |
Strongest case with BOPAS/BBA + 10-yr warranty. |
Generally acceptable with 10-yr warranty; varies by lender. |
Accepted with mainstream warranties. |
Universal. |